Bhumi Joshi.

  International Mother Language Day.............   21 February આંતરરાષ્ટ્રીય માતૃભાષા દિવસ એટલે..... વિશ્ર્વની તમામ ભાષાઓને એકસાથે સન્માનવાનો દિવસ. ભાષા એ તો માધ્યમ છે વિચારના આદાન પ્રદાનું . એ ગમે તે ભાષા હોય શકે .......ગુજરાતી , મરાઠી , હિન્દી , તેલુગુ , અંગ્રેજી, મલયાલમ, ફ્રેન્ચ,  જેપનિઝ, વગેરે...પણ એ ભાષાને પોતાની ચોક્કસ  લઢણ હોય , બોલી હોય.દરેક ભાષા એના સ્થાને સર્વોત્મ છે. તો પછી કોઇ એક ભાષા બીજી ભાષાથી ઉતરતી કે ચઢિયાતી કઇ રીતે હોય શકે ?? માતૃભાષા એટલે .......બાળક જે ભાષામાં હાલરડા સાંભળતું સાંભળતું સૂઈ જાય એ.   બાળક સૌ પ્રથમ જે ભાષામાં 'મા' બોલતા શીખે અે ભાષા. એવુ કહેવાય કે માતૃભાષા એટલે..... મા નો ખોળો.  આપણને આપણી ભાષા પ્રત્યે માન હોય , ગૌરવની લાગણી હોય એ સાચું પણ એની સાથોસાથ અન્ય ભાષાઓ પ્રત્યે આદર અને સન્માનની લાગણી હોવી જરુરી છે. માતૃભાષા દિવસની ઉજવણીનો હેતુ જ વિવિધ સંસ્કૃતિનો અને વિવિધ ભાષાઓનો સ્વીકાર સૂચવે છે. 21 February - International Mother Language Day, પાછળનો ઇતિહાસ જાણવા જેવો છે.  દરેક ભાષા સાથે એનું સાહિત્ય જોડાય

   Chandalika             Rabindranath Tagore                             'Chandalika' - is the two act play written by Rabindranath Tagore in 1938. I think it is not plain reflection  of the  society of that time  but it is just rising face from where he starts the issues of   Indian caste and its discrimination.                                 Prakriti - The Chandal - The Untouchable  girl is the beautiful Indian  woman. It is just the psychological study of the character how marginalised are treated in the society?  She is suffering  from being the stigma of out caste. Because  superior community - Brahmin society who do not touch anything ritually impure and  they consider Chandal as impure. How far person can tolerate the insult or humiliation in society losing his/her identity?                                 Caste discrimination is the central part of the play which is comprehensible with the title itself 'Chandalika'. It is Psychologic

                                                                                                  A Fine Day...                                                        Michael Drayton                 A Fine Day is pictorial poem which is written by Michael Drayton. It creates beautiful picture of morning  and clear day of nature in front of our eyes . It has a painting imagination. Poem is divided into 2 stanzas . Poet praises the day from the beginning.                 According to poet, the day is clear from the dawn or first rays of the morning. It means there is no rain or clouds in the sky. The visibility is clear. In the second line the poet talks about chequered sky means it creates a pattern  of squares of different colours in the sky. It is kind of drawing in the sky. Then the poet compares thin clouds with linen scarf. He uses the metaphor cobweb lawn . It means the sun is hiding behind the clouds as veil of the hat hides the face. The poet uses the word &#

Death , be not proud                                       John Donne                   The sonnet - 'Death , be not proud' is written by John Donne - the Metaphysical poet.  This sonnet express poet's view on the ultimate reality called - 'Death'. people  generally  afraid of death but Donne has different point of view about Death. Poet addresses to  death saying that there is no need for death to be proud though some people call it very powerful and dangerous. Death believes that it overflows the people when they die but in reality those people do not die at all.                 Death has no capacity to kill the poet or his ability. This is how Donne challenges death. The  image of death is nothing but" Sleep and Rest" and so one should derive pleasure out of death. The poet explains that the best of people have gone very soon with death and so there is no need for any person to be afraid of death.                 Death means...

THE ECSTACY                               John Donne                   'The Ecstacy' by Donne is a poem about divine and spiritual experience in love. The pair of lover and his beloved which we find in this poem has reached such a height of love that both experience 'Ecstacy' of love. The poem is addressed by the lover who described in details the experience of Ecstacy in love.                 Both the lover and his beloved sat for the whole day on the bank of a river. In the same manner as bed is always in the company of a 'pillow'. These two images in the very opening of the poem quality the present poem as " Metaphysical poem". Their hands are cemented - they have sat on the bank of a river  hand in hand though no words exchange between the two. Their four eyes become one and yet tied up with an invisible thread. Both realize  that there is exchange of words between their souls though body doesn't speaks. The soul of both

                                      Elegy: The Dream                            John Donne                  John Donne's Elegy X with the title "The Dream" is about a lover confession on his love for beloved and the difference between Dream and Reality. The poem opens with a comparison between lovers' heart and a coin. The poet has used image of coin for the expression of love. The way a coin is impressed with the image of his beloved. The way image of a king sings  to coin , her image gives honour and importance to his heart. The lovers says that only those who are weak in their spirit bother for honour. He doesn't care for honour because he believes that her image has given honour to him.                 The lover going a head in his confessions mentions that when  she goes away , his reasoning  ends and there begins empires of fantasy. The lover is of opinion that fantasy can't give him the joy of that height which real presence can gi

The Old Woman                            - Joseph  Campbell                 The poem 'The Old Woman' is written by Joseph Campbell. The poem is divided into 3 stanza. The meaning of the  poem is deeper than any romantic poem. The poem is very simple, realistic poem. The poet has given  the description  of old lady by different comparisons . It s very natural to see beauty in young women , but t is very understanding to describe the beauty of old woman.  It requires great imaginative power to see beauty in old age.                 In  the first stanza , the poet compares the old lady with the white candle. As the white candle in the holy place gives light and guided  the person who comes there. It is the symbol  of holy figure. Likewise the old lady's face  compared with the white candle. The old lady guides others by the using experience. She enlightens  the life of others. Moreover, white candle is a symbol of beauty. The poet finds beauty in her face.

Yussouf                                   - James Russell Lowell                    In the first stanza, A stranger comes to Youssouf's tent and he says that he has to fear of out caste. He says that as a one powerful thing....Life is bow and bent against them. He begs to help him as he is in need of food and shelter. There are no any place to hide himself so he came Youssouf's tent who is admired as good man by his tribesmen. In the second stanza, the poet describes it very nobility. It describes the hospitability .Yussouf says that that tent is his but no long after time it is god and he can enter in tent and take the rest. A stranger man also use all thing of Yussouf which he uses in there as sharing. Only God is maker of the  World and different kind of people. Yussouf's tent is very big and royal roof of warm for whole day and night and nobody heard "No" in his doorstep who came with hope of help.                 The third stanza , de

                                                                                               LIFE -  MY BEST FRIEND જીંદગી સાથેના સંવાદ.....             LIFE - What does it mean ?  No one can define the meaning of  life because it has its own meaning. Life is the biggest canvas. one can draw any picture which she/he wants to draw in her/his canvas. Invisible dots are exited in the canvas but with time dots are visible and creates new image of it.  Same way , the day is always new for us and we have to add it in our life. Philosophers have their own meaning,  ordinary people have their own meaning and  saints have their own meaning  then even we can't define the meaning of Life itself.  I think Life is ............. Given Time to everybody . Now, one is free to spend their time and use their time to do  whatever  they want to so. Life is the mixture of so many little things but we forget to enjoy that beautiful moments due to waiting for big things.       

                Classicism  are Objective and they have rules and regulations to write. Means.. they have many restriction which they have to follow. They give first priority to moral lesson in poetry. While Romanticism are Subjective and they give first priority to imagination and aesthetic  pleasure in poetry. They are free from all boundaries of restriction. They can write what they want.         Generally , we are used to hearing  “ who is poet ?”  but hear Wordsworth says “ what is poet?” means.. Wordsworth give the preference to the quality of the works not the person.  poet has quality to reach readers heart through emotions, feelings and with different sensibilities. He has something more skill which Ordinary people haven’t. He creates something more than the common people . According to Wordsworth............... “ Poet is man speaking to men; a man , it is true ,endowed with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness who has greater knowledge of human